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Home register login company information our company order publications advertisers customer service survey help news drug news new products resources alerts sponsored ; clinical charts prescribing notes manufacturer index monograph details add to clipboard view clipboard central nervous system alzheimer's dementia aricept eisai pharmaceuticals r x reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor piperidine deriv.
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The purpose of this medicine: Arifept is one of a group of drugs called "cholinesterase inhibitors" which is used to treat symptoms in individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer Disease. In brains of people with Alzheimer Disease there is a progressive degeneration of nerve cells. Particularly notable is a degeneration of cells, which make acetylcholine, a chemical, thought to be important for learning and memory. People with Alzheimer Disease have lower brain levels of acetylcholine. Aficept acts by decreasing the activity of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme whose function is to break down acetylcholine. It is believed that because Ar9cept reduces the breakdown of acetylcholine, it will lead to an increase in the level of acetylcholine in the brain. The potential beneficial effect could lessen as the disease progresses and when fewer cells are available to make acetylcholine. How does it help? A4icept is intended to treat symptoms in individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer Disease. In clinical trials, individuals who took Ricept when compared to individuals who took a placebo a substance which looks like the drug but has no effect ; , showed improvement or no further decline in cognition including memory, orientation, language ; and function including performance of daily activities ; . Aricept may take as long as 12 weeks to being working and the type of and length of response to this medicine will vary from individual to individual. What does Aricept not do? Aricept is not a cure for Alzheimer Disease as it does not affect the underlying process of the disease. Who should take Aricept? Individuals who have been diagnosed with mild to moderate Alzheimer Disease.
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Choices faced by the Chief and Council in allocating insufficient dollars to a host of services directed at pressing social issues. I have already mentioned that the band constable program received more money at the expense of a cut to the emergency response service and that service was not the only program to suffer cuts. Another was the Community Wellness Program and that Program provides, amongst other things, counseling for substance abuse! Ms Kempton urged that I make a recommendation to the federal government that it increase financing for substance abuse rehabilitation services. I decline but not because they are not needed. They are. I do so because I have no jurisdiction to make it in the circumstances of this case. I refer again to the decision of Judge Lerner in the Fiddler Inquest who set out the circumstances where a recommendation to the federal government might appropriately be made. That being said, however, the Province of Manitoba has a broad interest in the issue of substance abuse within the community. The Liquor Control Commission has some responsibility to encourage appropriate consumption of its product. In addition, the damages and costs of substance abuse do not fall exclusively in the federal domain. No community is an island unaffected and untouched by the problems of another. Communities are not vacuum-sealed to contain social problems within their boundaries. Even if the federal government is solely responsible for the health care of the substance abuser, the Province will undoubtedly be responsible for the education, health care or fostering of some of his or her direct or indirect victims and the costs of prosecuting the misbehaviour of the substance abuser. Communities such as Norway House need to develop a plan, if they have not already done so, to address the rising incidence of substance abuse within the community. That plan should be aimed at much more than offering rehabilitation services to addicts. It should be aimed at changing acceptance and approval of alcohol abuse by that portion of the population who engage in it or who are at risk of doing so and at promoting moderation or temperance as a way of life for all. I did not hear that the community had developed a substance abuse strategy or action plan. That doesn't mean that it hasn't. In either event, however, the Province may be able to play a supportive role in the development or implementation of a substance abuse strategy. I therefore recommend that the Province of Manitoba and the Manitoba Liquor Control Commission provide some funding to the community of Norway House in furtherance of its alcohol abuse strategy or, if no cohesive strategy exists, provide seed money for the purpose of developing such a strategy and trileptal.
Does donepezil Aricept ; prevent the progression of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease? Evidence-Based Answer In patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, donepezil reduces the rate of progression to Alzheimer's disease at 1 year compared with placebo, but this benefit is no longer found after 3 years. For the subgroup of patients with apolipoprotein E epsilon 4, benefit from donepezil therapy is more persistent. SOR A, based on high-quality RCT. ; Mild cognitive impairment MCI ; is a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and early Alzheimer's disease. Patients with MCI who have impaired memory are described as having amnestic MCI. Research has shown that individuals with this type of MCI progress to clinically diagnosable Alzheimer's disease at a rate of 10% to 15% per year, compared to 1% to 2% among normal elderly persons; Alzheimer's disease develops in 80% of individuals with amnestic MCI within 6 years.1 Patients who also carry particular genetic alleles for apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 have a more rapid rate of progression.2 In a recently published trial, 769 patients with amnestic MCI were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg donepezil, 2, 000 IU vitamin E, or placebo daily for 3 years.3 All also took a daily multivitamin. To be eligible, patients had to be 55 years, meet diagnostic criteria for amnestic MCI, and show cognitive impairment on each of 3 different clinical rating scales Logical Memory delayedrecall score, Clinical Dementia rating score, and Mini-Mental State Examination ; . The primary outcome was time to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Randomization was concealed, and the analysis was intention-to-treat. At 1 year, Alzheimer's disease developed in 6.3% of patients receiving donepezil, compared with 14.7% of patients receiving placebo P .04; NNT 12 ; . This benefit did not persist over time, however. At 36 months, 25% of individuals taking donepezil and 28% of individuals taking placebo had progressed to Alzheimer's disease difference not statistically significant ; . The presence of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 was a strong predictor of progression, with 76% of all patients who proEvidence-Based Practice 7.
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New Drug or Supplemental Applications Filed by Manufacturer continued ; Clindamycin Clofarabine ILEX Oncology ; Dalbavancin Vicuron Pharmaceuticals ; Decitabine Donepezil Ethinyl estradiol drospirenone Etoricoxib Exenatide Amylin Pharmaceuticals Eli Lilly ; Febuxostat TAP Pharmaceutical ; Fexofenadine pseudoephedrine Allergra-D Aventis ; Management of hyperuricemia in patients with chronic gout Once-daily formulation 180 mg 240 mg ; for the treatment of seasonal allergy symptoms with nasal congestion in adults and children 12 years of age and older 12 04 1 Dacogen Treatment of patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes SuperGen mgI Pharma ; Aricept Pfizer ; Yasmin Schering AG ; Arcoxia Merck ; New formulations: rapid disintegration tablet and liquid Lower-dose formulation 0.03 mg 3 mg ; as a method of birth control Treatment of arthritis, chronic lower back pain, acute pain, and ankylosing spondylitis Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus 1 05 12 Treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections 12 04 Actiza Topical treatment for acne Connetics Corporation ; Treatment of pediatric leukemia 3 04 6.
Cular events. There were also significantly greater rates of stroke, ischemic stroke, heart failure, deaths from vascular causes, and total deaths in the group with atrial fibrillation that appeared to be independent of other cardiovascular risk factors and randomized treatment. Coversyl-based treatment reduced the relative risk of major vascular events by 38% 95% CI, 6-59 ; among patients with atrial fibrillation and by 25% 95% CI, 15-34 ; among patients without atrial fibrillation P homogeneity 0.4 ; . The benefits of BP lowering with the Coversyl-based regimen in patients with atrial fibrillation were achieved irrespective of the use of anticoagulant therapy P homogeneity 0.8 ; or the presence of hypertension P homogeneity 0.4 ; . It was estimated that one major vascular event was avoided among every 11 patients 95% CI, 6-63 ; with atrial fibrillation treated for 5 years compared with one major vascular event avoided among every 23 patients 95% CI, 16-41 ; without atrial fibrillation treated for the same time period P homogeneity 0.2 ; .47 Thus, for most patients with cerebrovascular disease, treatment with Coversyl is likely to provide protection against major vascular events stroke and myocardial infarction ; irrespective of age, BP level, type of stroke, and anticoagulant therapy. Coversyl in chronic renal disease The relationship between hypertension and chronic renal disease is well established. Hypertension contributes to the progression of renal disease by accelerating structural changes in kidneys, which in turns leads to the increase in BP. Interruption of this vicious cycle is possible through RAAS inhibition, which leads to a reduction in both BP and intrarenal damage. As has been shown in the ASCOT-BPLA trial, an antihypertensive strategy including ACE inhibition with Coversyl 4 to 8 mg induced less development of renal impairment relative risk reduction 15%; P 0.0187 ; than an antihypertensive strategy based on a -blocker and a thiazide diuretic.21 BP reduction by itself can provide renal protection both in diabetic and nondiabetic renal disease. A true 24-hour antihypertensive effect is essential, since the BP profile in patients with chronic renal disease is characterized by an increase in the morning hours. Target BP goals for these patients are lower than in the general population of patients with hypertension and are the same as for diabetics, 130 80 mm Hg, as a lower BP was found to be associated with reduced risk for end-stage renal disease. Inhibition of RAAS activity by ACE inhibitors is renoprotective per se and was shown to slow the deterioration of renal function even in patients with normal BP. In nonhypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, Coversyl decreased the albumin excretion rate by 47% in the first 12 months in comparison with either placebo or a calcium channel blocker P 0.04 ; . This positive effect of Coversyl was maintained in the long term leading to 2.6 times less development of macroalbuminuria versus placebo over 6 years of follow and pletal.
Other dementias must have been ruled out, such as dementia's secondary to alcoholism, multi infarct, thyroid disease, syphilis, and B12 deficiency. Reversible causes must be eliminated. If depression, has patient been treated? Must have a diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease, NOT DEMENTIA ALONE. Aricept Exelon Reminyl is first-line treatment for cognitive impairment in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia MMSE.must show score between 10 and 25 ; . A Folstein MMSE or similar assessment should be performed before initiating treatment. Please fax results 602-678-0941 ; for our records. Authorization is only approved for 6 months. A repeat MMSE must be completed and faxed to the PA department every six months.
5 table 2 risk of developing diabetes with antipsychotic medication 4 diabetes related to antipsychotic medication is associated with high insulin concentrations, so it seems that these drugs may aggravate the insulin resistance that already exists in patients with schizophrenia and cyklokapron.
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Mar 20, 2006 news-medical , after the patients were treated for six months with donepezil trade name: aricept ; , there was a significant improvement in their symptoms, the researchers and zerit.
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National Institute for Clinical Excellence guidance on drugs for Alzheimer's Disease The National Institute for Clinical Excellence NICE ; works on behalf of the National Health Service and the people who use it. It makes recommendations on treatments and care using the best available evidence NICE recommended in 2001 that the drugs donepezil Aricept ; , rivastigmine Exelon ; and galantamine Reminyl ; should be made available to people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, following appropriate assessment. This doesn't mean that everyone with the condition would receive one of these drugs but it does mean that if the patient's consultant felt they should, then it would be provided. NICE is now reviewing this advice together with the drug memantine, following a request by the Department of Health. This guidance is not due to be published until October but the preliminary recommendations are that these drugs should no longer be used. Those patients already receiving one of these drugs will continue to do so until their clinician feels it is appropriate to stop. Bassetlaw Primary Care Trust PCT ; has ensured these drugs have been available, as it does for all drugs recommended by NICE. Clinicians will receive the new guidance when it is published and they will be expected to take this into account, as they do with all evidenced based practice. The decision as to when or whether to stop these drugs is clearly a clinical one and the PCT would never advise clinicians to do anything but put each individual patient's needs first. Note to the Editor Bassetlaw Primary Care Trust was formed in April 2001. It promotes partnership working in the locality to develop good quality services for the local population. The PCT provides community healthcare services, commissions hospital and mental health services, and seeks to improve the health of the local population. It works in collaboration with primary care GP's, Dentists, Opticians and Pharmacies ; . Please contact Andrew Beardsall, Clinical Governance Manager or Debra Fores, Director of Primary Care, Bassetlaw Primary Care Trust, Retford Hospital, North Road, Retford, Notts, DN22 7XF. Telephone: 01777 274400 and copegus.
How do you obtain Aricept? Aricept can only be obtained with a prescription from a doctor after a diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease has been made. This medicine has been prescribed only for you or for the person you are caring for. Never give it to anyone else.
Before you take aricept when you must not take it do not take aricept if you have an allergy to: any medicine containing donepezil hydrochloride piperidine derivatives any of the ingredients listed at the end of this leaflet and epivir-hbv.
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Scale, missing values were replaced with the average of the non-missing completed items to compute a sum score, provided only 1 response was missing. If more than 1 response was missing, the subscale was defined as incomplete. If a subject failed to complete a form after randomization, she was considered to not have any post-randomization observations for that form and was excluded from the modified intent-totreat population for that analysis. The null hypothesis being tested in this pilot study is that there is no difference between treatments. The level for declaring statistical significance was a 2-sided Pvalue P .05 ; . Efficacy endpoints were analyzed using paired t-tests, while global assessments of treatment satisfaction were analyzed using nonparametric methods. Continuous variables were tested by analysis of covariance ANCOVA ; with treatment group as the between-subject factor and baseline as the covariable. For continuous variables ordinal variables with 5 or more values ; , a repeated measures ANCOVA was performed with treatment as the between-subject factor and visit and its interaction with treatment as withinsubject factors. Ordinal variables with less than 5 values were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. All patients who received study medication were included in the safety analysis. Adverse events were classified according to MedDRA and the incidence of treatmentemergent events was summarized and exelon and Cheap aricept.
Mary X. O'Riordan, Ph.D. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Identification of regulators of the pro-inflammatory host intracellular surveillance pathway Steven Polyak, M.D. University of Florida, Gainsvillle, FL Targeted gene delivery to the intestinal epithelium for the study and treatment of colitis Brian K. Reuter, Ph.D. University of Virginia Health Center, Charlottesville, VA Characterization and role of Beta-Defensins and CCR6-postive immune cells in murine models of Crohn's disease-like ileitis.
N trade name: altace; drug class: angiotensin-converting enzyme ace ; inhibitor; action: selectively suppresses renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; inhibits ace; prevents conversion of angiotensin i to angiotensin ii; results in dilation of arterial and venous vessels; uses: hypertension, alone or in combination with thiazide diuretics; congestive heart failure immediately after myocardial infarction and kytril.
By height squared. Hypertension was considered present when arterial blood pressure was persistently 140 90 mmHg or when patients received blood pressure-lowering drugs. More detailed information concerning the population studied is given in Table 1. Patients gave written informed consent to participate in this study, which was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Echocardiographic assessment. Echocardiographic determinations were carried out by experienced investigators N.-C. Chang, T.-M. Lee ; blinded to clinical and laboratory data. The primary study end point was the change in LV mass index between baseline and 6 mo of therapy. In addition, the study assessed changes from baseline to the end of the study 6 mo ; in systolic function. Study patients received two-dimensional echocardiography by a single examination at baseline and at 6-mo follow-up, respectively. A commercially available system Hewlett-Packard Sonos 5500, Andover, MA ; was used. Heart rate was determined from a continuous electrocardiographic tracing. Baseline heart rate and systemic arterial pressure were measured. The LV end-diastolic dimension EDD ; , end-systolic dimension ESD ; , ventricular septum thickness VS ; , posterior wall thickness PW ; , and LV ejection fraction were measured as described previously 19 ; . Echocardiographic LV mass was determined using the corrected formula proposed by Penn 5 ; : LV mass in grams ; 1.04 EDD VS PW ; 3 EDD3] 13.6. LV mass was indexed by body surface area g m ; . Measurements were averaged for three consecutive beats. Video images were recorded for off-line analysis. Biochemical analysis. Blood samples were taken after an 8-h overnight fasting at baseline and after 6 mo of treatment. It has been shown that activation of KATP channels is associated with attenuated ET-1 concentrations 33 ; . To confirm the downstream pathways of KATP channel, we collected plasma samples for ET-1 measurements and extracted as previously described 20 ; . Samples were immediately centrifuges at 3, 000 g for 10 min, and the plasmas were stored at 70C until further analysis. ET-1 was measured by immunoassay R&D System, Minneapolis, MN ; . The detection limit was 1 pg ml for.
Aricept has a long half-life and is eliminated very slowly. Consequently, gradual tapering of Aricept is not necessary for a patient who has to discontinue the medication. The half life of Aricept is 72 hours and it may take two weeks or more for the drug to be completely eliminated from the system.
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INCREASED INSULINIZATION WITH ONCE-DAILY AS COMPARED TO TWICE-DAILY INSULIN GLARGINE IN TYPE 1 DIABETES. E. Schroeder, C.D. Clark, M.R. Burge, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM. Although once-daily insulin glargine is currently the basal insulin of choice for patients with type 1 diabetes, clinical experience has led to the widely held opinion that some patients receive better 24-hour insulin coverage with twice-daily injection of insulin glargine. We hypothesized that once-daily and twice-daily injection of insulin glargine would result in identical 24-hour insulin profiles among c-peptide negative patients with type 1 diabetes. Seven subjects with c-peptide negative type 1 diabetes were admitted to the GCRC for two 36-hour studies at least one week apart: Age 356 years, Duration of diabetes 189 years, HbA1C 7.50.5%, BMI 31.97.8 kg m2, Basline insulin glargine dose 3626 u day. Patients were randomized to receive once-daily injection of full dose insulin glargine at 0800 for one week and twice-daily injection of half-dose insulin glargine at 0800 and 2000 in succession prior to the admits. Overnight glucose was stabilized with IV insulin. Beginning at 0800 on study day 2, insulin levels were assessed every 30-60 minutes using a super-sensitive assay. No food or short acting insulin was provided during the 24-hour study period. Insulin concentrations following glargine administration are shown below. Home glucose data were also obtained.
PA ; Preauthorization Required. Please Note: This is not meant to be a complete list of the drugs covered under your plan. Not all dosage forms of the drugs listed above are covered. Brand names are listed for informational reference. Under some circumstances, preferred drugs may be excluded from your plan for example, oral contraceptives ; . We periodically review our Prescription Drug List. This is the most current list at the time of printing and is subject to change. Some medications may require preauthorization or have quantity limits. Please consult the Pharmacy Help Desk for any questions about your coverage or for more information and buy trileptal.
O Give pharmacists authority to approve EDS online in real time. Pay us for our time! [AUTO] [COV] [PRO] [REMUN] o I feel that it is unfair that when doctors make EDS request that they are paid for it yet we are not. We have to spend time contacting the doctor for [the] diagnosis and then phoning it in and we are not compensated. [REMUN] [ADMIN] [COMM] [PRO] o Pay pharmacists to administer these programs at per minute therefore per claim. [REMUN] o It is difficult to be responsible for applying for EDS when we don't have all the information. It seems we are secretaries for the Drug Plan which eats up our time. [COMM] [ADMIN] [PRO] o The Drug Plan has too many items that they don't cover. If they would become a real drug plan, there would be a lot less EDS requests. It appears to me that any drug that is expensive or good they don't cover i.e. Clavulin, Ceftin, etc. [COV] [PRO] o My concern is the time spent gathering information, checking deductibles, filling out the form, reviewing criteria, discussing with patient, reimbursing patient if necessary, making notes on patient files and on hardcopy so we can remember what stage we are at with each request and not being paid to perform this time consuming task; something is wrong with this scenario. I believe doctors receive something for their time but [it] must not be enough as most download to us the job of making the applications. [PRO] [ADMIN] [COMM] [REMUN] o Faster approval. [PRO] o Saskatchewan Health needs to do a better job of explaining these policies and take the onus off of the pharmacists to explain. There are still numerous people that are not aware that the 0, every 6 months, family deductible is gone. [ED] [COMM] o EDS requests are regularly lost at the Drug Plan. Also if a request is deemed to not have adequate information, no one informs you of that. And as of October 26th, they were two weeks behind [in] processing some requests Aricept ; . [PRO] [COMM] o I simply fax [the] doctor and tell him her to apply to [the] Drug Plan for EDS when it would benefit the patient. Therefore, the doctor collects the for my fax.but then has to do the work. If they don't pay me then I rarely do everything. I used too but too much work for nothing. [REMUN] [PRO] [ADMIN] o Software program to facilitate requests by software vendors and SPDP. Emergency trial program. [AUTO] [COV] o Physicians are paid for administrative work; why are pharmacists not paid? Veteran Affairs pays for this type of service very much appreciated. [REMUN] [ADMIN] o Physicians should be more aware of the programs and provide appropriate information on the written prescription to reduce the time wasted calling them back for information. [ED] [COMM] [PRO] [ADMIN]!
Medial temporal lobe ; that causes the first symptoms. The neurons are involved in the travel of electric charges, resulting in the release of messages. AD disrupts this intimate signaling system, resulting into formation of abnormal Senile Plaque made of -amyloid. [6] Neurofibrillary Tangles are abnormal collections of twisted threads found inside nerve cells. The main component of the tangles is one form of the protein tau. Tau protein has the ability to bind and stabilize the cells' internal skeleton called microtubule. In neuron, cells that are healthy microtubules form structures like train tracks, which guide nutrients and molecules from the centre bodies of the cells down to the end of the axons. Tau normally forms the connector pieces of the microtubule tracks. In the cells which are affected by AD, the train track structures collapses, tau is changed chemically and can no longer hold the pieces together [7]. A changed form of a protein kinase hyper phosphorylates tau and causes cytoskeleton to collapse. This collapse of the transport system first may result in malfunctions in communication between nerve cells and later lead to neuron death. Tau is also known as Beta 2 transferrin, desialated transferrin. Tau is a Cerebro-Spinal Fluid[8], [9]. Drugs like tacrine Cognex ; , donepezil Aricept ; , rivastigmine Exelon ; , or galantamine Razadyne, formerly known as Reminyl ; memantine Namenda ; [10] available today target -amyloid, as the possible drug receptor protein for Alzheimer's disease. But reports suggest that tau protein is also responsible for the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease by forming the neurofibrillary tangles [11]. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work we attempted to carry out the docking of Tau protein with the following infrastructure. A. SYSTEM USED - Intel Pentium 4, 1.80 GHz, 256 MB RAM.
Primary Open-angle glaucoma POAG ; 1. Clinical manifestations Diagnosis Chronic, slowly progressing, asymptomatic until substantial visual loss occurs Characteristic disk changes and visual field loss high IOP confirms diagnosis 2. Pathophysiology The basic underlying mechanism producing retinal nerve damage is unknown. Retinal ischemia due to IOP and or vascular abnormalities are important factor s ; . Elevated IOP is due to decreased aqueous humor outflow from the anterior chamber. Decreased outflow appears to be due to degenerative changes in outflow channels such as the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal and tends to worsen with time. Secondary Open-angle glaucoma 1. Etiologies Systemic diseases Trauma Surgery Rubeosis Lens changes Ocular inflammatory diseases Medications 2. Classification pretrabecular - membrane overlies the meshwork and does not permit aqueous outflow diabetics, inflammation ; trabecular - alteration of meshwork or an accumulation of material in the intertrabecular spaces corticosteroids, edema, inflammation, and trauma ; post-trabecular - result from disorders causing increased visceral venous blood pressure Sturge-Weber syndrome, retrobulbar tumors, and carotid-cavernous fistulas.
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Tion areas are involved in the more complex mental functions. Human beings have the largest association areas. For example, suppose you see a bicycle: the sensory information about shape, lines, colour, and movement would come from the eye, through the thalamus, to the occipital lobe. The neurons in the primary areas in the occipital lobe are sensitive to noting specific lines, colours, and movement and are therefore stimulated by this information. The visual association area then receives this information and makes meaning from it, determining that it is a `bicycle'. Knowing that those lines, shapes, and colours represent a bicycle is a result of learning what a bicycle looks like; if you had never seen one, you would not be able to say what it is.
The full version of this paper appears on the BMJ's website. This article is part of the BMJ's trial of open peer review, and documentation relating to this also appears on the website.
PHASE 1 NASA 2, NASA 6, NASA 7 OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES NASA 2 - OLiPSE ; consisted of 16 sample ampoules, two calibration sample ampoules, and on-orbit support equipment. The samples were processed in the Optizon high temperature furnace available in the Kristall module of the Mir Space Station. The samples were carried aloft on STS-76 and processed between March 30 to April 20, 1996. Of the the 16 sample ampoules, 13 ampoules were processed. NASA 6 - During the calibration of Optizon furnace it was learned that it was malfunctioning, so the project was moved to NASA 7. RESULTS NASA 2 - Analysis of the successfully processed samples resulted in data collection for densification, microstructural analysis, pore behavior, grain growth, coordination number, solid volume fraction and dihedral angle. Densification was determined with the water displacement technique. All four samples show positive densification and the densification decreased as the liquid volume increased. Stress intensive regions resulted in a increase liquid volume fraction 10 -20 %. This stress is the driving mechanism to pore filling. However, no pore filling was observed. Pores were uniformly distributed in the microstructure in the 80Fe-20Cu sample. The heavily interconnected grains preclude pore migration and growth. There was little pore coarsening in the 80Fe-20Cu sample. It was observed that grain size decreased as the percent of liquid volume increased. The measured maximum grain size was 1.5 times the mean grain size as predicted from the LSW model under steady state conditions. Wetting of Fe particles by liquid copper results in a reduction of interparticle contact. This reduction corresponds to a decrease in the three-dimensional coordination number with increasing liquid volume fraction. The coordination numbers obtained from the 60Fe-40Cu and 50Fe-50Cu samples are lower than those obtained from the same composition of ECLiPSE samples. The mean dihedral angles show little change along the liquid volume fraction. This indicated an equilibrium dehedral angle around 55 degrees may have been achieved. NASA 6 - One ampoule was returned on STS-89. Problems with Optizon furnace caused this experiment to be moved from NASA 6 to NASA 7. NASA 7 - Results from NASA 7 are not available at this time CONCLUSIONS NASA 2 - Though the data set was not complete due to the anomaly previously discussed, shown that the samples processed produced significant scientific results and raised additional questions that the samples processed during NASA 7 Mir 25 should resolve. PUBLICATIONS 1. "Optizone Liquid Phase Sintering Experiments OLiPSE-01 ; Aboard the Mir Station: Performance and Preliminary Results", with He, Y., Ye, S., Kuruvilla, A., Savin, S., Ivanov, A., Markov, E, Andropov, V.
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